Friday, July 15, 2016

Masters Library And Information Science Rough Draft Dublin Core Final Submit Paper: H.H. Dali Lama As Author-Happiness!



Information Object: The Art of Happiness: A Handbook for Living

By: Ms. Bayo Elizabeth Cary
                                          
Writing Sample: Example Research Paper #1

           The following paper presents information regarding the fundamentals of Dublin Core (D.C.) and Machine Readable Cataloging (M.A.R.C.) metadata (B. Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010).  In Section I. of this paper on D.C. and M.A.R.C. metadata, I present D.C. metadata as: Table/Figure 1. (B. Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010).  I chose to apply D.C. metadata to: The Art of Happiness: A Handbook for Living (B. Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010; Lama, H. H. t. D., Cutler, 1998).  The D.C. metadata presented in Table/Figure 1., was selected by me, from the basic set of 15 D.C. elements (B. Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010; Dublin Core, n. d.).

     In Section II., I explain how I chose to apply basic D.C. metadata to one of my favorite books, The Art of Happiness: A Handbook for Living (B. Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010; Dublin Core, n. d.; Lama, H. H. t. D., Cutler, 1998). In addition, I explain in detail, how and why I chose to utilize the specific D.C. metadata (from the basic metadata element set), that I did (B. Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010; Dublin Core, n. d.).   The inclusion of all D.C. elements, when creating a D.C. metadata record, is not required (B. Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010). However, when more metadata information is available, regarding any particular library item, it is easier to locate that particular item in a library collection that is available online (B. Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010).
.
         I conclude my discussion on D.C. and M.A.R.C. metadata in Section III.  In Section III., I provide an over-view on D.C. and M.A.R.C. metadata, by providing a: pithy, interesting, and fundamental history, of both D.C. and M.A.R.C. metadata (B. Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010).  In addition, I provide a superficial, yet applicable, comparison of the two metadata record creating and maintaining formats. Finally, I close with the assertion, that: it is not possible to create a perfect metadata record (Bade, 2009; B. Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010). 

Section I.:

Dublin Core Metatadata Record: Table/Figure 1.


Created By: Ms. Bayo Elizabeth Cary

Name                                                                       Value
                            
Creator
His Holiness the Dalai Lama and Howard D. Cutler, M.D.
Contributor
His Holiness the Dalai Lama
Coverage
The 20th Century
Date
1998
Format
5”x6” hardback book
Title
The Art of Happiness: A Handbook for Living
Language
English
Publisher
Riverbead Books
Subject
Self-help; Psychology; Buddhism; Happiness; His Holiness the Dalai Lama
Type
Text
Description
Dr. Howard Cutler weaves together interviews from His Holiness the Dalai Lama with anecdotal stories from his psychiatry practice.  Dr. Cutler attempts to locate the “art of happiness,” how each individual can achieve happiness in his or her own life.  Dr. Cutler’s recommendations for achieving happiness are based both on what H.H. the Dalai Lama recommends and on what Dr. Cutler has seen work best with his psychiatric patients.
Rights
Copyright
Identifier
ISBN: 1573221112

Table/Figure 1. Table/Figure 1., presents a Dublin Core (D.C.) metadata record for: The Art of Happiness: A Handbook for Living (B. Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010; Lama, H. H. t. D, Cutler, 1998). Table/Figure 1., was created and the metadata included in Table/Figure 1., was chosen by: Ms. Bayo Elizabeth Cary (B. Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010).


Section II.          
     
         I included the element of creator. The creators of this book are identified on the hardback copy that I have owned, for many years, and that I have read several times, as both: His Holiness the Dalai Lama and Dr. Howard C. Cutler (B. Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010).
Although, The Art of Happiness: A Handbook for Living, was authored by both H. H. the Dalai Lama and Dr. Howard D. Cutler, it would not have been possible for this book to have been written, without  the contributions, both paraphrases and direct quotes, provided by H. H. the Dalai Lama (B. Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010).  For the previously reason mentioned, I chose to identify H.H. the Dalai Lama, as a contributor to the book: The Art of Happiness: A Handbook for Living, as well (B. Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010).
. 
       
      I included the element of coverage (B. Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010).  The book is really very modern (B. Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010).  It is set in the 20th century (B. Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010).  The advice is all very practical and in line with 20th century values and practices (B. Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010). I included the element of date (B. Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010).  The book was published in 1998 (B. Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010).  It is an important piece of identifying information (B. Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010).
Someone may query the book by date (B. Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010).
.
       
            I included the element of format.  I listed the above mentioned item as a 5”x6” book.  I checked the Dublin Core resources and found that I could have included the book as “text,” as well (B. Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010).  However, I did not feel as though “text” fully described the format (B. Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010).  The description as a 5”x6” book, was much more specific, according the definitions of both: text (English: U.S. Definition) and book (English: World Definition), provided by Oxford Dictionary online (B. Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010; Text, n. d.; Book, n. d.).  I included the element of title (B. Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010). The book has a rather long and unique title (B. Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010).  It would not make sense to include all the other elements and then exclude the title unless the title was not available.  In this case the title was readily available (B. Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010).


        I included the element of language.  The data refers to a book that was written in English (B. Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010).  The use of a controlled vocabulary is suggested for language in the Dublin Core (D.C.) guidelines (B. Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010). However, D.C. entries vary depending on the individual who enters the data.  D.C. has a flexible format (B. Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010). Therefore, D.C. can accommodate the use of the word “English” as the value of choice for the language element (B. Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010).
.
    
      I included the element of publisher (B. Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010).  The publisher of this book was Riverbead Books (B. Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010).
I Googled Riverbead but I was unable to locate any information on Riverbead Books.  They must be a small independent publisher (B. Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010).  I think that someone who knew did not how uncommon Riverbead Books are, may need the category of publisher, in order to search for the book by publisher (B. Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010). Therefore, it is important to include the element of publisher (B. Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010).
.         
       I included the element of subject (B. Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010).
 I tried to choose as many categories as would apply for subject (B. Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010).  I used several keywords (B. Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010).  Once again a controlled vocabulary was recommended by the D.C. guidelines; however, I choose to use the key words that I thought best expressed the subject matter of the book (B. Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010).  I included H.H. the Dalai Lama as one of the key words because people who are interested in H.H. the Dalai Lama, may wish to read this book simply because he contributed (B. Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010).
  
      I included the element of type (B. Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010).
 For the element of type I choose text (B. Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010).  I had a difficult time discerning between the type element and the format element (B. Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010).  I used a controlled vocabulary for the type (B. Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010).  I choose one out of ten Dublin Core Metadata Initiative (D.C.M.I.) types (B. Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010; Dublin Core Metadata Initiative, n. d.).  Text seemed best suited to describe the element of type (B. Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010).
.
    
      I included the element of description (B. Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010).
  I decided to write a very brief summary of the book for the element of description.  I could have also posted the table of contents, or an abstract, but that would not have been original metadata (B. Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010).  I also included the element of rights.  The rights elements pertain to intellectual property right (B. Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010). The book is copyrighted (B. Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010).

        Finally, I included that element of identifier (B. Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010).  For the identifier I choose to include the International Standard Book Number (I.S.B.N.) number (B. Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010; International Standard Book Number, n. d.).  The I.S.B.N .number is commonly used as a means of locating a book (B. Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010).  Therefore, including the I.S.B.N. number is quite helpful for many individuals searching for a specific piece of data (B. Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010).
    
      I included only the elements, which I deemed as relevant, in the evaluation of the data selected (B. Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010). I choose to exclude both: source and relation (B. Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010). The source of the material was original (B. Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010).  Therefore, I did not need to include the element of source (B. Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010).  The material was not related to any other material; therefore, I did not need to include the element of relation either (B. Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010).  However, it is important to include as many elements as possible so that the data record is as complete as possible (B. Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010).  A more complete data set of information, regarding the characteristics which apply to the book, makes it easier for the book to be located (B. Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010).
.


Section III.:

Section A.
The following information, which was retrieved from Wikipedia online, is an enumerated list of the fundamental information that the Dublin Core guidelines suggest to include in a D.C. data set (B. Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010; Dublin Core, n. d):
Basic Dublin Core:
The Simple Dublin Core Metadata Element Set (DCMES) consists of 15 metadata elements:
  1. Title
  2. Creator
  3. Subject
  4. Description
  5. Publisher
  6. Contributor
  7. Date
  8. Type
  9. Format
  10. Identifier
  11. Source
  12. Language
  13. Relation
  14. Coverage
  15. Rights                                                                                        (Dublin Core, n. d.)

The Library of Congress (L.O.C.) M.A.R.C. online Library Database Record:
LC Control No.:  98020431 LCCN Permalink: http://lccn.loc.gov/98020431
000 01087cam a2200277 a 450
001 2615098 005 19990128121100.3
008 980501s1998 nyu 000 0 eng
035 __ |9 (DLC) 98020431
906 __ |a 7 |b cbu |c orignew |d 1 |e ocip |f 19 |g y-gencatlg
955 __ |a pc05 to sa00 05-01-98; sh14 05-04-98; sh06 05-08-98 to RCCD/SA; yf06 05-22-98; yf08 05-26-98; CIP ver. pv08 10-26-98; yj04 07-06-99
010 __ |a 98020431
020 __ |a 1573221112 (alk. paper)
040 __ |a DLC |c DLC |d DLC
050 00 |a BQ7935.B774 |b A78 1998
082 00 |a 294.3/444 |2 21
100 0_ |a Bstan-ʾdzin-rgya-mtsho, |c Dalai Lama XIV, |d 1935-
245 14 |a the art of happiness: |b a handbook for living / |c the Dalai Lama and Howard C. Cutler.
260 __ |a New York: |b Riverhead Books, |c 1998. 300 __ |a x, 322 p. ; |c 22 cm.
650 _0 |a Religious life |x Buddhism.
650 _0 |a Happiness |x Religious aspects |x Buddhism.
 650 _0 |a Buddhism |x Doctrines.
700 1_ |a Cutler, Howard C. 920 __ |a ** LC HAS REQ’D # OF SHELF COPIES**
991 __ |b c-GenColl |h BQ7935.B774 |i A78 1998 |p 00058504610 |t Copy 1 |w BOOKS

CALL NUMBER: BQ7935.B774 A78 1998
Copy 2
-- Request in: Jefferson or Adams Building Reading Rooms
– Status: Not Charged
CALL NUMBER: BQ7935.B774 A78 1998 Copy 1
 -- Request in: Jefferson or Adams Building Reading Rooms
 -- Status: Not Charged

Section B.
              There are many different metadata schemes (B. Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010; Greenberg, Understanding Metadata and Metadata Schemes, 2005).  The term “metadata” came into use in the late 1960’s (B. Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010; Greenberg, Understanding Metadata and Metadata Schemes, 2005).  The term originated with Jack E. Myers (B. Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010; Greenberg, Understanding Metadata and Metadata Schemes, 2005). 

        The term metadata means data that is about other data (B. Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010; Greenberg, Understanding Metadata and Metadata Schemes, 2005).  I will be comparing M.A.R.C. metadata to Dublin Core (D.C.) metadata and discussing the benefits and drawbacks of each method (B. Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010). I will then look to the future of metadata with a brief discussion of folksonomies (B. Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010).  I will conclude with the affirmation that there is no such record as the perfect record (Bade, 2009; B. Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010).  I will begin the discussion with M.A.R.C. (B. Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010).
 .
        The Library of Congress (L.O.C.) shares its bibliographic records with other libraries all over the world through the exchange of M.A.R.C. (Machine Readable Cataloging) records (B. Cary, personal communication; August 5, 2010; Smiraglia, 2005).  M.A.R.C. was on the cutting edge when it was first introduced in the 1960’s.  M.A.R.C. offered more flexibility with the encoding of metadata than its predecessors (B. Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010; Jourdrey, 2009, p.134).

          A M.A.R.C. record is the result of data which is collected according to the Anglo American Cataloging Rules: Second Edition (A.A.C.R. 2) standards then marked up (A.A.C.R. 2, n. d.; B. Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010; Smiraglia, 2005).  M.A.R.C. consists of tags which are added to fields and subfields (B. Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010; Smiraglia, 2005).  The M.A.R.C. tags tell the computer what information to display in the fields and subfields (B. Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010; Smiraglia, 2005). The bibliographic records which have been coded in the M.A.R.C. format are then saved and added to the libraries catalog collection (B. Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010; Jourdrey, 2009, p. 129). 
            
          Dublin Core (D.C.) is just another one of many metadata schemes in operation today (B. Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010; Greenberg, Understanding Metadata and Metadata Schemes, 2005).  D.C. was created in 1994 by Stuart Weibel (B. Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010; Mederios, 1999).  D.C. is maintained by the Dublin Metadata Initiative (B. Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010; Greenberg, Understanding Metadata and Metadata Schemes, 2005).
      
             D.C. is often referred to as an electronic card catalog (B. Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010; Baker, 2000).  D.C. was designed with a flexible interoperable data sharing scheme (B. Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010; Greenberg, Understanding Metadata and Metadata Schemes, 2005).  D.C. has, what is referred to as, a “flat” design which is relatively simple compared to other metadata schemes (B. Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010; Greenberg, Understanding Metadata and Metadata Schemes, 2005). 

        D.C. maintains a simple design by relying of 15 core elements to describe data (B. Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010; Greenberg, Understanding Metadata and Metadata Schemes, 2005).  Therefore, the D.C. scheme is designed to work with many other metadata schemes from many different fields of study (B. Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010; Greenberg, Understanding Metadata and Metadata Schemes, 2005).  D.C. is designed to work with both digital and physical formats (B. Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010; Greenberg, Understanding Metadata and Metadata Schemes, 2005).
        
       It is believed that interoperability between metadata languages such as D.C. can be improved through the use of a controlled vocabulary (B. Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010; Tennis, 2003).  Controlled vocabularies take away much of the flexibility which is known to accompany D.C. (B. Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010). However, controlled vocabularies do improve the interoperability between various metadata languages (B. Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010).
.         
         D.C. elements vary depending on which data is being evaluated and on who is evaluating the data (B. Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010; Coleman, 2005).  No D.C. element is required ((B. Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010; Baker, 2000).  This means that some D.C. elements can be excluded (B. Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010; Coleman, 2005).  D.C. elements may be repeated (B. Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010; Baker, 2000).  Finally, D.C. elements can be refined with the addition of qualifiers (B. Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010; Coleman, 2005).

         M.A.R.C. standard language has 999 tags as compared to the 15 core D.C. elements ((B. Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010; Coleman, 2005).  It is much easier to be much more specific with M.A.R.C. through the application of the 999 tags (B. Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010; Coleman, 2005).  The plethora of tags also makes M.A.R.C. a much more complicated metadata scheme (B. Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010).  D.C. is much simpler, with only 15 elements; it is much easier to apply (B. Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010).
.
      When comparing the D.C. record that I created, to the L.O.C.  M.A.R.C. record that I located online, I found that while my D.C. record was relatively easy to complete, it did not contain as much essential information as the L.O.C. M.A.R.C. metadata record (B. Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010; Cutler/L.O.C., 1998).  I too wondered about the interoperability of a record which was filled out so freely (B. Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010).
I felt empowered by the ability to construct the metadata record; however, I prefer a more standardized form like M.A.R.C. (B. Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010).  I do not support the idea of replacing M.A.R.C. with D.C. (B. Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010).

      The idea of replacing M.A.R.C. with D.C. is a widely debated topic (B. Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010; Mederios, 1999).  D.C. is touted as being more affordable, and therefore a viable option to replace M.A.R.C. (B. Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010; Mederios, 1999).  However, librarians are quite comfortable working with M.A.R.C. (B. Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010; Mederios, 1999).  M.A.R.C. has transformed and adapted to the internet environment through the introduction of new tags (B. Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010; Mederios, 1999).  Due to its ability to metamorphose and meet modern metadata challenges it is argued by some that M.A.R.C. can hold its ground and, therefore, does not need to be replaced by D.C. (B. Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010; Mederios, 1999).  However, the possibilities for D.C. are great (B. Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010).

        Internet documents tend to contain D.C. metadata (B. Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010; Mederios, 1999).  D.C. metadata, then, can be utilized by search engines during their search and retrieval process (B. Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010; Mederios, 1999).    The utilization of D.C. by search engines could fundamentally change the search process (B. Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010).  If D.C. were utilized by search engines information that was more specific to a particular search would be located (B. Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010; Mederios, 1999).

           The question then is: to what extent should D.C. be incorporated into the library records (B. Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010)?  The inclusion of D.C. in library records will greatly improve the libraries search and retrieval process (B. Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010; Mederios, 1999).  M.A.R.C. and D.C. will exist and work side by side.  It is predicted by many that M.A.R.C. records will continue to be used by the library because they are both familiar and have worked well in the past (B. Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010; Mederios, 1999).

         What does the future hold for metadata and information organization (B. Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010)?  Metadata created by humans is ubiquitous on the web (B. Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010; Greenberg, Metadata Generation: Process, People, and Tools, 2003).  Individuals attach tags which specify key words and descriptions (B. Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010; Greenberg, Metadata Generation: Process, People, and Tools, 2003). This process has a name—folksonomy (B. Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010).
. 
      Folksonomy is one of the latest and one of the biggest ideas in the organization of information (B. Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010).  Folksonomy is the act of working with others to tag data with key words and descriptions (B. Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010; Marliese Thomas, 2009).  The work of tagging is done by ordinary individuals as opposed to experts (B. Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010).
Marliese Thomas, 2009).  The words used to tag the data are not from a controlled vocabulary (B. Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010; Marliese Thomas, 2009).
           
       Folksonomy was introduced to the general public in 2003 through the website delicious ((B. Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010; Marliese Thomas, 2009).  Then in 2004 flickr utilized tagging as a way for organizing photos (B. Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010; Wichowski, 2009).  Folksonomies may be the future of metadata (B. Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010).  They reach beyond the rigid rules of M.A.R.C. and past what was once seen as the flexible scheme of D.C. (B. Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010).  There are no controlled vocabularies to refer to(B. Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010).  There is no expert to guide the classification (B. Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010).  It is all up to the ordinary individual (B. Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010).
. 
       In conclusion there is no perfect record (Bade, 2009; B. Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010).  Catalogers do their best to note information in the most precise and accurate way possible (Bade, 2009; B. Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010).  There is a sincere effort on the part of catalogers to save data in a way that is easily retrievable and understandable (Bade, 2009; B. Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010).  The metadata evolution will continue (B. Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010).  New means of organizing and storing metadata will continue to emerge just as the old ways will evolve or become obsolete (B. Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010).
. 

References: According to Purdue Owl Online (A.P.A. Format)


A.A.C.R.2 (Anglo American Cataloging Rules: Second Edition). (n. d.). Retrieved from Wikipedia online: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AACR2

Bade, D. (2009) The Perfect Bibliographic Record: Platonic Ideal, Rhetorical Strategy or Nonsense? Cataloging and Classification Quarterly, 46(1). Retrieved from http://pdfserve.informaworld.com.proxy.lib.fsu.edu/67272_751309558_903799310.pdf

Baker, T. (2000). A Grammar of Dublin Core. D-Lib Magazine, 6(10). Retrieved from http://www.dlib.org.proxy.lib.fsu.edu/dlib/october00/baker/10baker.html

Book. (n. d.). Oxford Dictionary online: World English. Retrieved from http://oxforddictionaries.com/view/entry/m_en_gb0092360#m_en_gb0092360

Conclude. (n. d.). Webster’s Thesaurus online. Retrieved from http://www.merriam-webster.com/thesaurus/conclude#skip-to-results

Coleman, A. (2005). From Cataloging to Metadata: Dublin Core Records for the Library Catalog. The Haworth Press, Inc. , 40 (3/4).Retrieved from http://pdfserve.informaworld.com.proxy.lib.fsu.edu/984998_751309558_903618946.pdf


M.A.R.C. standards (Machine Readable Cataloging). (n. d.). Retrieved from Wikipedia online: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MARC_standards

Dublin Core Metadata Initiative (D.C.M.I.). (n. d.). Retrieved from Wikipedia online: http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/10/

Dublin Core. (n. d.). Retrieved from Wikipedia online: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dublin_Core

Greenberg, J. (2003). Metadata Generation: Processes, People, and Tools. ASIST Digital Library, 29(2). Retrieved from http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgibin/fulltext/109863400/HTMLSTART

Greenberg, J. (2005). Understanding Metadata and Metadata Schemes. The Haworth Press, Inc., 40(3/4). Retrieved from http://pdfserve.informaworld.com.proxy.lib.fsu.edu/300078_751309558_903618940.pdf

His Holiness the Dalai Lama (Lama, H. H. t. D.), Cutler, Dr. H. C.. (1998). The Art of Happiness: A Handbook for Living. Riverbead Books.

International Standard Book Number (I.S.D.N.). (n. d.). Retrieved from Wikipedia online: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN

Jourdrey, A. G. (2009). The Organization of Information: third edition. Westport: Libraries Unlimited.

The Library of Congress. (n.  d.). The Art of happiness: A Handbook for Living [Metadata: Copy of M.A.R.C. Record]. Retrieved from http://catalog.loc.gov/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?v4=1&ti=1,1&SEQ=20100805173220&SAB1=1573221112&BOOL1=all%20of%20these&FLD1=LCCN-ISBN-ISSN%20%28KNUM%29%20%28KNUM%29&GRP1=AND%20with%20next%20set&SAB2=&BOOL2=all%20of%20these&FLD2=Keyword%20Anywhere%20%28GKEY%29%20%28GKEY%29&GRP2=AND%20with%20next%20set&SAB3=&BOOL3=all%20of%20these&FLD3=Keyword%20Anywhere%20%28GKEY%29%20%28GKEY%29&CNT=100&PID=afoCcPzk0cyiPzVMmfXxFVa_Pd2R&SID=1M.A.R.C. standards (Machine Readable Cataloging). (n. d.). Retrieved from Wikipedia online: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MARC_standards


Purdue University, the Writing Lab, and the Owl at Purdue. (n. d.). Purdue Owl online Reference and Citation Resources. Purdue Owl online (Reference Resources and Citations). Retrieved from http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/10/

Smiraglia, R. P. (2005). Introducing Metadata. The Haworth Press, Inc., 40(3/4). Retrieved from http://pdfserve.informaworld.com.proxy.lib.fsu.edu/792095_751309558_903618939.pdf

Tennis, J. T. (2003). Data Collection for Controlled Vocabulary Interoperability--Dublin Core Audience Element. American Society for Information Science and Technology, 29(2). Retrieved http://www.asis.org.proxy.lib.fsu.edu?Bulletin/Dec-02/tennis.html

Text. (n. d.). Oxford Dictionary online: U.S. English. Retrieved from http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/view/entry/m_en_us1298051#m_en_us1298051

Wichowski, A. (2009). Survival of the fittest tag: Folksonomies, findability, and the evolution of information organization. First Monday, 14(5). Retrieved from http://fristmonday.org/htbin/cgiwrap/bin/ojs/index.php/fm/article/viewArticle/2447/2175




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