Information Object: The Art of Happiness: A Handbook for
Living
By: Ms. Bayo Elizabeth Cary
Writing Sample: Example Research Paper #1
The following paper presents
information regarding the fundamentals of Dublin Core (D.C.) and Machine
Readable Cataloging (M.A.R.C.) metadata (B. Cary, personal communication, August
5, 2010). In
Section I. of this paper on D.C. and
M.A.R.C. metadata, I present D.C. metadata as: Table/Figure 1. (B. Cary, personal
communication, August 5, 2010). I chose to apply D.C. metadata to: The Art
of Happiness: A Handbook for Living (B. Cary, personal communication, August 5,
2010; Lama, H. H. t. D., Cutler, 1998). The
D.C. metadata presented in Table/Figure 1., was selected by me,
from the basic set of 15 D.C. elements (B. Cary, personal communication, August 5,
2010; Dublin Core, n. d.).
In Section II., I explain how
I chose to apply basic D.C. metadata to one of my favorite books, The Art of
Happiness: A Handbook for Living (B. Cary, personal communication, August
5, 2010; Dublin Core, n. d.; Lama, H. H. t.
D., Cutler, 1998). In addition, I explain in detail, how and why I chose to
utilize the specific D.C. metadata (from the basic metadata element set), that
I did (B.
Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010; Dublin
Core, n. d.). The inclusion of all D.C.
elements, when creating a D.C. metadata record, is not required (B. Cary, personal
communication, August 5, 2010). However,
when more metadata information is available, regarding any particular library
item, it is easier to locate that particular item in a library collection that
is available online (B.
Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010).
.
I conclude my discussion on D.C. and
M.A.R.C. metadata in Section III. In Section
III., I provide an over-view on D.C. and M.A.R.C. metadata, by providing a:
pithy, interesting, and fundamental history, of both D.C. and M.A.R.C. metadata
(B.
Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010).
In addition, I provide a
superficial, yet applicable, comparison of the two metadata record creating and
maintaining formats. Finally, I close with the assertion, that: it is not
possible to create a perfect metadata record (Bade, 2009; B. Cary, personal
communication, August 5, 2010).
Section I.:
Dublin Core Metatadata Record: Table/Figure 1.
Created By: Ms. Bayo Elizabeth Cary
Name Value
|
Creator
|
His
Holiness the Dalai Lama and Howard D. Cutler, M.D.
|
|
Contributor
|
His
Holiness the Dalai Lama
|
|
Coverage
|
The
20th Century
|
|
Date
|
1998
|
|
Format
|
5”x6”
hardback book
|
|
Title
|
The
Art of Happiness: A Handbook for Living
|
|
Language
|
English
|
|
Publisher
|
Riverbead
Books
|
|
Subject
|
Self-help;
Psychology; Buddhism; Happiness; His Holiness the Dalai Lama
|
|
Type
|
Text
|
|
Description
|
Dr.
Howard Cutler weaves together interviews from His Holiness the Dalai Lama
with anecdotal stories from his psychiatry practice. Dr. Cutler attempts to locate the “art of
happiness,” how each individual can achieve happiness in his or her own
life. Dr. Cutler’s recommendations for
achieving happiness are based both on what H.H. the Dalai Lama recommends and
on what Dr. Cutler has seen work best with his psychiatric patients.
|
|
Rights
|
Copyright
|
|
Identifier
|
ISBN:
1573221112
|
Table/Figure 1. Table/Figure 1., presents a Dublin
Core (D.C.) metadata record for: The Art of Happiness: A Handbook for Living
(B. Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010; Lama, H. H. t. D, Cutler, 1998). Table/Figure
1., was created and the metadata included in Table/Figure 1., was chosen by: Ms. Bayo Elizabeth Cary (B. Cary, personal
communication, August 5, 2010).
Section II.
I included the element of creator. The
creators of this book are identified on the hardback copy that I have owned,
for many years, and that I have read several times, as both: His Holiness the
Dalai Lama and Dr. Howard C. Cutler (B. Cary, personal communication, August
5, 2010).
Although, The Art of Happiness: A
Handbook for Living, was authored by both H. H. the Dalai Lama and Dr. Howard D. Cutler, it would not
have been possible for this book to have been written, without the contributions, both paraphrases and
direct quotes, provided by H. H. the Dalai Lama (B. Cary, personal communication,
August 5, 2010). For the previously reason mentioned, I chose to identify
H.H. the Dalai Lama, as a contributor to the book: The Art of Happiness: A
Handbook for Living, as well (B. Cary, personal communication, August
5, 2010).
.
I included the element of
coverage (B.
Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010). The book is really very modern (B. Cary, personal
communication, August 5, 2010). It is set in the 20th century (B. Cary, personal
communication, August 5, 2010). The advice is all very practical and in line with 20th
century values and practices (B. Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010). I included the element of date (B. Cary, personal
communication, August 5, 2010). The book was published in 1998 (B. Cary, personal
communication, August 5, 2010). It is an important piece of identifying information (B. Cary, personal
communication, August 5, 2010).
Someone may query the book by date (B. Cary, personal
communication, August 5, 2010).
.
I included the element of
format. I listed the above mentioned
item as a 5”x6” book. I checked the
Dublin Core resources and found that I could have included the book as “text,”
as well (B.
Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010). However, I did not feel as though “text”
fully described the format (B. Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010). The
description as a 5”x6” book, was much more specific, according the definitions
of both: text (English: U.S. Definition) and book (English: World Definition),
provided by Oxford Dictionary online (B. Cary, personal communication, August
5, 2010; Text, n. d.; Book, n. d.). I included the element of title (B. Cary, personal
communication, August 5, 2010). The book
has a rather long and unique title (B. Cary, personal communication, August
5, 2010). It would not make sense to include all the
other elements and then exclude the title unless the title was not
available. In this case the title was
readily available (B.
Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010).
I included the element of
language. The data refers to a book that
was written in English (B.
Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010).
The use of a controlled vocabulary
is suggested for language in the Dublin Core (D.C.) guidelines (B. Cary, personal
communication, August 5, 2010). However,
D.C. entries vary depending on the individual who enters the data. D.C. has a flexible format (B. Cary, personal
communication, August 5, 2010). Therefore,
D.C. can accommodate the use of the word “English” as the value of choice for
the language element (B.
Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010).
.
I included the element of publisher (B. Cary, personal communication, August 5,
2010).
The publisher of this book was Riverbead Books (B. Cary, personal
communication, August 5, 2010).
I Googled Riverbead but I was unable
to locate any information on Riverbead Books.
They must be a small independent publisher (B. Cary, personal
communication, August 5, 2010). I think that someone who knew did not how
uncommon Riverbead Books are, may need the category of publisher, in order to
search for the book by publisher (B. Cary, personal communication, August
5, 2010). Therefore, it is important to
include the element of publisher (B. Cary, personal communication, August
5, 2010).
.
I included the element of subject (B. Cary, personal
communication, August 5, 2010).
I tried to choose as many categories as would
apply for subject (B.
Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010).
I used several keywords (B. Cary, personal
communication, August 5, 2010). Once again a controlled vocabulary was recommended by the
D.C. guidelines; however, I choose to use the key words that I thought best
expressed the subject matter of the book (B. Cary, personal communication, August
5, 2010). I included H.H. the Dalai Lama as one of the
key words because people who are interested in H.H. the Dalai Lama, may wish to
read this book simply because he contributed (B. Cary, personal communication,
August 5, 2010).
I included the element of type (B. Cary, personal communication, August
5, 2010).
For the element of type I choose text (B. Cary, personal
communication, August 5, 2010). I had a difficult time discerning between the
type element and the format element (B. Cary, personal communication, August
5, 2010). I used a controlled vocabulary for the type (B. Cary, personal
communication, August 5, 2010). I choose one out of ten Dublin Core Metadata
Initiative (D.C.M.I.) types (B. Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010; Dublin Core Metadata Initiative, n. d.). Text seemed best suited to describe the
element of type (B.
Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010).
.
I included the element of description (B. Cary, personal communication,
August 5, 2010).
I decided to write a very brief summary of the book for the element of
description. I could have also posted
the table of contents, or an abstract, but that would not have been original
metadata (B.
Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010).
I also included the element of
rights. The rights elements pertain to
intellectual property right (B. Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010). The book is copyrighted (B. Cary, personal communication, August
5, 2010).
Finally, I included that element of
identifier (B.
Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010).
For the identifier I choose to
include the International Standard Book Number (I.S.B.N.) number (B. Cary, personal
communication, August 5, 2010; International
Standard Book Number, n. d.). The
I.S.B.N .number is commonly used as a means of locating a book (B. Cary, personal
communication, August 5, 2010). Therefore, including the I.S.B.N. number is quite helpful
for many individuals searching for a specific piece of data (B. Cary, personal
communication, August 5, 2010).
I included only the elements, which I deemed as relevant, in the evaluation
of the data selected (B.
Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010).
I choose to exclude both: source and relation (B. Cary, personal communication,
August 5, 2010). The source of the material was
original (B.
Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010). Therefore, I did not need to include the
element of source (B.
Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010).
The material was not related to any
other material; therefore, I did not need to include the element of relation
either (B.
Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010). However, it is important to include as many
elements as possible so that the data record is as complete as possible (B. Cary, personal
communication, August 5, 2010). A more complete data set of information, regarding the
characteristics which apply to the book, makes it easier for the book to be
located (B.
Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010).
.
Section III.:
Section
A.
The
following information, which was retrieved from Wikipedia online, is an
enumerated list of the fundamental information that the Dublin Core guidelines
suggest to include in a D.C. data set (B. Cary, personal communication, August
5, 2010; Dublin Core, n. d):
Basic
Dublin Core:
The Simple Dublin Core Metadata
Element Set (DCMES) consists of 15 metadata elements:
- Title
- Creator
- Subject
- Description
- Publisher
- Contributor
- Date
- Type
- Format
- Identifier
- Source
- Language
- Relation
- Coverage
- Rights (Dublin Core, n. d.)
The Library of
Congress (L.O.C.) M.A.R.C. online Library Database Record:
LC Control No.:
98020431 LCCN Permalink: http://lccn.loc.gov/98020431
000 01087cam a2200277 a 450
001 2615098 005 19990128121100.3
008 980501s1998 nyu 000 0 eng
035 __ |9 (DLC)
98020431
906 __ |a 7 |b cbu |c orignew |d 1 |e ocip |f 19 |g y-gencatlg
955 __ |a pc05 to
sa00 05-01-98; sh14 05-04-98; sh06 05-08-98 to RCCD/SA; yf06 05-22-98; yf08
05-26-98; CIP ver. pv08 10-26-98; yj04 07-06-99
010 __ |a 98020431
020 __ |a 1573221112
(alk. paper)
040 __ |a DLC |c DLC |d DLC
050 00 |a BQ7935.B774 |b A78 1998
082 00 |a 294.3/444 |2 21
100 0_ |a Bstan-ʾdzin-rgya-mtsho, |c Dalai Lama XIV, |d 1935-
245 14 |a the art
of happiness: |b a handbook for living / |c the Dalai Lama and Howard
C. Cutler.
260 __ |a New York: |b Riverhead Books, |c 1998. 300 __ |a x, 322 p. ; |c 22 cm.
650 _0 |a Religious
life |x Buddhism.
650 _0 |a Happiness |x Religious aspects |x Buddhism.
650 _0 |a Buddhism |x Doctrines.
700 1_ |a Cutler,
Howard C. 920 __ |a ** LC HAS
REQ’D # OF SHELF COPIES**
CALL NUMBER: BQ7935.B774
A78 1998
Copy 2
-- Request in: Jefferson or Adams
Building Reading Rooms
– Status: Not Charged
CALL NUMBER: BQ7935.B774
A78 1998 Copy 1
-- Request in: Jefferson or Adams Building Reading
Rooms
-- Status: Not Charged
Section
B.
There are many
different metadata schemes (B. Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010;
Greenberg, Understanding Metadata and Metadata Schemes, 2005). The term “metadata” came into use in the late
1960’s (B. Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010; Greenberg,
Understanding Metadata and Metadata Schemes, 2005). The term originated with Jack E. Myers (B. Cary, personal communication, August 5,
2010; Greenberg, Understanding Metadata and Metadata Schemes, 2005).
The term metadata means data that is
about other data (B. Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010; Greenberg, Understanding
Metadata and Metadata Schemes, 2005). I
will be comparing M.A.R.C. metadata to Dublin Core (D.C.) metadata and
discussing the benefits and drawbacks of each method (B. Cary, personal
communication, August 5, 2010). I will then look to the future of metadata with
a brief discussion of folksonomies (B. Cary, personal communication, August 5,
2010). I will conclude with the
affirmation that there is no such record as the perfect record (Bade, 2009; B.
Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010).
I will begin the discussion with M.A.R.C. (B. Cary, personal
communication, August 5, 2010).
.
The Library of Congress (L.O.C.) shares
its bibliographic records with other libraries all over the world through the
exchange of M.A.R.C. (Machine Readable Cataloging) records (B. Cary, personal
communication; August 5, 2010; Smiraglia, 2005). M.A.R.C. was on the cutting edge when it was
first introduced in the 1960’s. M.A.R.C.
offered more flexibility with the encoding of metadata than its predecessors (B.
Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010; Jourdrey, 2009, p.134).
A M.A.R.C. record is the result of
data which is collected according to the Anglo American Cataloging Rules:
Second Edition (A.A.C.R. 2) standards then marked up (A.A.C.R. 2, n. d.; B.
Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010; Smiraglia, 2005). M.A.R.C. consists of tags which are added to
fields and subfields (B. Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010;
Smiraglia, 2005). The M.A.R.C. tags tell
the computer what information to display in the fields and subfields (B. Cary,
personal communication, August 5, 2010; Smiraglia, 2005). The bibliographic
records which have been coded in the M.A.R.C. format are then saved and added
to the libraries catalog collection (B. Cary, personal communication, August 5,
2010; Jourdrey, 2009, p. 129).
Dublin Core (D.C.) is just another
one of many metadata schemes in operation today (B. Cary, personal
communication, August 5, 2010; Greenberg, Understanding Metadata and Metadata
Schemes, 2005). D.C. was created in 1994
by Stuart Weibel (B. Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010; Mederios,
1999). D.C. is maintained by the Dublin
Metadata Initiative (B. Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010;
Greenberg, Understanding Metadata and Metadata Schemes, 2005).
D.C. is often referred to as an
electronic card catalog (B. Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010;
Baker, 2000). D.C. was designed with a
flexible interoperable data sharing scheme (B. Cary, personal communication,
August 5, 2010; Greenberg, Understanding Metadata and Metadata Schemes,
2005). D.C. has, what is referred to as,
a “flat” design which is relatively simple compared to other metadata schemes (B.
Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010; Greenberg, Understanding Metadata
and Metadata Schemes, 2005).
D.C. maintains a simple design by
relying of 15 core elements to describe data (B. Cary, personal communication,
August 5, 2010; Greenberg, Understanding Metadata and Metadata Schemes,
2005). Therefore, the D.C. scheme is
designed to work with many other metadata schemes from many different fields of
study (B. Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010; Greenberg,
Understanding Metadata and Metadata Schemes, 2005). D.C. is designed to work with both digital
and physical formats (B. Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010;
Greenberg, Understanding Metadata and Metadata Schemes, 2005).
It is believed that interoperability between
metadata languages such as D.C. can be improved through the use of a controlled
vocabulary (B. Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010; Tennis,
2003). Controlled vocabularies take away
much of the flexibility which is known to accompany D.C. (B. Cary, personal
communication, August 5, 2010). However, controlled vocabularies do improve the
interoperability between various metadata languages (B. Cary, personal
communication, August 5, 2010).
.
D.C. elements vary depending on which
data is being evaluated and on who is evaluating the data (B. Cary, personal
communication, August 5, 2010; Coleman, 2005).
No D.C. element is required ((B. Cary, personal communication, August 5,
2010; Baker, 2000). This means that some
D.C. elements can be excluded (B. Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010;
Coleman, 2005). D.C. elements may be
repeated (B. Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010; Baker, 2000). Finally, D.C. elements can be refined with
the addition of qualifiers (B. Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010;
Coleman, 2005).
M.A.R.C. standard language has 999
tags as compared to the 15 core D.C. elements ((B. Cary, personal
communication, August 5, 2010; Coleman, 2005).
It is much easier to be much more specific with M.A.R.C. through the
application of the 999 tags (B. Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010;
Coleman, 2005). The plethora of tags
also makes M.A.R.C. a much more complicated metadata scheme (B. Cary, personal
communication, August 5, 2010). D.C. is
much simpler, with only 15 elements; it is much easier to apply (B. Cary,
personal communication, August 5, 2010).
.
When comparing the D.C. record that I
created, to the L.O.C. M.A.R.C. record
that I located online, I found that while my D.C. record was relatively easy to
complete, it did not contain as much essential information as the L.O.C.
M.A.R.C. metadata record (B. Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010;
Cutler/L.O.C., 1998). I too wondered
about the interoperability of a record which was filled out so freely (B. Cary,
personal communication, August 5, 2010).
I
felt empowered by the ability to construct the metadata record; however, I
prefer a more standardized form like M.A.R.C. (B. Cary, personal communication,
August 5, 2010). I do not support the
idea of replacing M.A.R.C. with D.C. (B. Cary, personal communication, August
5, 2010).
The idea of replacing M.A.R.C. with D.C.
is a widely debated topic (B. Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010;
Mederios, 1999). D.C. is touted as being
more affordable, and therefore a viable option to replace M.A.R.C. (B. Cary,
personal communication, August 5, 2010; Mederios, 1999). However, librarians are quite comfortable
working with M.A.R.C. (B. Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010;
Mederios, 1999). M.A.R.C. has
transformed and adapted to the internet environment through the introduction of
new tags (B. Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010; Mederios,
1999). Due to its ability to
metamorphose and meet modern metadata challenges it is argued by some that
M.A.R.C. can hold its ground and, therefore, does not need to be replaced by
D.C. (B. Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010; Mederios, 1999). However, the possibilities for D.C. are great
(B. Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010).
Internet documents tend to contain D.C.
metadata (B. Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010; Mederios,
1999). D.C. metadata, then, can be
utilized by search engines during their search and retrieval process (B. Cary,
personal communication, August 5, 2010; Mederios, 1999). The utilization of D.C. by search engines
could fundamentally change the search process (B. Cary, personal communication,
August 5, 2010). If D.C. were utilized
by search engines information that was more specific to a particular search
would be located (B. Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010; Mederios,
1999).
The question then is: to what extent
should D.C. be incorporated into the library records (B. Cary, personal
communication, August 5, 2010)? The
inclusion of D.C. in library records will greatly improve the libraries search
and retrieval process (B. Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010;
Mederios, 1999). M.A.R.C. and D.C. will
exist and work side by side. It is
predicted by many that M.A.R.C. records will continue to be used by the library
because they are both familiar and have worked well in the past (B. Cary,
personal communication, August 5, 2010; Mederios, 1999).
What does the future hold for metadata
and information organization (B. Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010)? Metadata created by humans is ubiquitous on
the web (B. Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010; Greenberg, Metadata
Generation: Process, People, and Tools, 2003).
Individuals attach tags which specify key words and descriptions (B.
Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010; Greenberg, Metadata Generation:
Process, People, and Tools, 2003). This process has a name—folksonomy (B. Cary,
personal communication, August 5, 2010).
.
Folksonomy is one of the latest and one
of the biggest ideas in the organization of information (B. Cary, personal
communication, August 5, 2010).
Folksonomy is the act of working with others to tag data with key words
and descriptions (B. Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010; Marliese
Thomas, 2009). The work of tagging is
done by ordinary individuals as opposed to experts (B. Cary, personal
communication, August 5, 2010).
Marliese
Thomas, 2009). The words used to tag the
data are not from a controlled vocabulary (B. Cary, personal communication,
August 5, 2010; Marliese Thomas, 2009).
Folksonomy was introduced to the general
public in 2003 through the website delicious ((B. Cary, personal communication,
August 5, 2010; Marliese Thomas, 2009).
Then in 2004 flickr utilized tagging as a way for organizing photos (B.
Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010; Wichowski, 2009). Folksonomies may be the future of metadata (B.
Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010).
They reach beyond the rigid rules of M.A.R.C. and past what was once
seen as the flexible scheme of D.C. (B. Cary, personal communication, August 5,
2010). There are no controlled
vocabularies to refer to(B. Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010). There is no expert to guide the classification
(B. Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010). It is all up to the ordinary individual (B.
Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010).
.
In conclusion there is no perfect record
(Bade, 2009; B. Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010). Catalogers do their best to note information
in the most precise and accurate way possible (Bade, 2009; B. Cary, personal
communication, August 5, 2010). There is
a sincere effort on the part of catalogers to save data in a way that is easily
retrievable and understandable (Bade, 2009; B. Cary, personal communication,
August 5, 2010). The metadata evolution
will continue (B. Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010). New means of organizing and storing metadata
will continue to emerge just as the old ways will evolve or become obsolete (B.
Cary, personal communication, August 5, 2010).
.
References: According to Purdue Owl Online
(A.P.A. Format)
A.A.C.R.2 (Anglo American Cataloging
Rules: Second Edition). (n. d.). Retrieved from Wikipedia online: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AACR2
Bade, D. (2009) The Perfect Bibliographic
Record: Platonic Ideal, Rhetorical Strategy or Nonsense? Cataloging and Classification Quarterly, 46(1). Retrieved from http://pdfserve.informaworld.com.proxy.lib.fsu.edu/67272_751309558_903799310.pdf
Baker, T. (2000). A Grammar of Dublin
Core. D-Lib Magazine, 6(10).
Retrieved from http://www.dlib.org.proxy.lib.fsu.edu/dlib/october00/baker/10baker.html
Book. (n. d.). Oxford Dictionary online: World English. Retrieved from http://oxforddictionaries.com/view/entry/m_en_gb0092360#m_en_gb0092360
Conclude. (n. d.). Webster’s Thesaurus online. Retrieved from http://www.merriam-webster.com/thesaurus/conclude#skip-to-results
Coleman, A. (2005). From Cataloging to
Metadata: Dublin Core Records for the Library Catalog. The Haworth Press, Inc. , 40 (3/4).Retrieved from http://pdfserve.informaworld.com.proxy.lib.fsu.edu/984998_751309558_903618946.pdf
Cutler, H. D./L.O.C. . (1998). M.A.R.C.
Record. The Art of Happiness: A Handbook
for Living. Retrieved from http://catalog.loc.gov/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?v4=1&ti=1,1&SEQ=20100805121201&SAB1=1573221112&BOOL1=all%20of%20these&FLD1=Keyword%20Anywhere%20%28GKEY%29%20%28GKEY%29&GRP1=AND%20with%20next%20set&SAB2=&BOOL2=all%20of%20these&FLD2=Keyword%20Anywhere%20%28GKEY%29%20%28GKEY%29&GRP2=AND%20with%20next%20set&SAB3=&BOOL3=all%20of%20these&FLD3=Keyword%20Anywhere%20%28GKEY%29%20%28GKEY%29&CNT=100&PID=fpZ8-jzwObDeXChPqtx1ZynRv&SID=1
M.A.R.C. standards (Machine Readable
Cataloging). (n. d.). Retrieved from Wikipedia online: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MARC_standards
Dublin Core Metadata Initiative
(D.C.M.I.). (n. d.). Retrieved from Wikipedia online: http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/10/
Dublin Core. (n. d.). Retrieved from
Wikipedia online: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dublin_Core
Greenberg, J. (2003). Metadata Generation:
Processes, People, and Tools. ASIST
Digital Library, 29(2). Retrieved from http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgibin/fulltext/109863400/HTMLSTART
Greenberg, J. (2005). Understanding
Metadata and Metadata Schemes. The
Haworth Press, Inc., 40(3/4).
Retrieved from http://pdfserve.informaworld.com.proxy.lib.fsu.edu/300078_751309558_903618940.pdf
His Holiness the Dalai Lama (Lama, H. H.
t. D.), Cutler, Dr. H. C.. (1998). The
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International Standard Book Number
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